方法一、使用 signal

import signal
import time

def set_timeout(num, callback):
    def wrap(func):
        def handle(signum, frame):  # 收到信号 SIGALRM 后的回调函数，第一个参数是信号的数字，第二个参数是the interrupted stack frame.
            raise RuntimeError
        def to_do(*args, **kwargs):
            try:
                signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handle)  # 设置信号和回调函数
                signal.alarm(num)  # 设置 num 秒的闹钟
                print('start alarm signal.')
                r = func(*args, **kwargs)
                print('close alarm signal.')
                signal.alarm(0)  # 关闭闹钟
                return r
            except RuntimeError as e:
                callback()
        return to_do
    return wrap
def after_timeout():  # 超时后的处理函数
    print("Time out!")

@set_timeout(2, after_timeout)  # 限时 2 秒超时
def connect():  # 要执行的函数
    time.sleep(3)  # 函数执行时间，写大于2的值，可测试超时
    print('Finished without timeout.')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    connect()

注意：使用的signal有所限制，需要在linux系统上，并且需要在主线程中使用，否则无效

方法二. 使用Thread

from time import sleep, time
import sys, threading


class KThread(threading.Thread):
    """A subclass of threading.Thread, with a kill()

    method.



    Come from:

    Kill a thread in Python:

    http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2004-May/260937.html

    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.killed = False

    def start(self):
        """Start the thread."""
        self.__run_backup = self.run
        self.run = self.__run  # Force the Thread to install our trace.
        threading.Thread.start(self)

    def __run(self):
        """Hacked run function, which installs the
        trace."""
        sys.settrace(self.globaltrace)
        self.__run_backup()
        self.run = self.__run_backup

    def globaltrace(self, frame, why, arg):
        if why == 'call':
            return self.localtrace
        else:
            return None

    def localtrace(self, frame, why, arg):
        if self.killed:
            if why == 'line':
                raise SystemExit()
        return self.localtrace

    def kill(self):
        self.killed = True


class Timeout(Exception):
    """function run timeout"""


def set_timeout(seconds, callback_data):
    """超时装饰器，指定超时时间

    若被装饰的方法在指定的时间内未返回，则抛出Timeout异常"""

    def timeout_decorator(func):

        """真正的装饰器"""

        def _new_func(oldfunc, result, oldfunc_args, oldfunc_kwargs):
            result.append(oldfunc(*oldfunc_args, **oldfunc_kwargs))

        def _(*args, **kwargs):
            result = []
            new_kwargs = {  # create new args for _new_func, because we want to get the func return val to result list
                'oldfunc': func,
                'result': result,
                'oldfunc_args': args,
                'oldfunc_kwargs': kwargs
            }

            thd = KThread(target=_new_func, args=(), kwargs=new_kwargs)
            thd.start()
            thd.join(seconds)
            alive = thd.isAlive()
            thd.kill()  # kill the child thread
            if alive:
                # raise Timeout(u'function run too long, timeout %d seconds.' % seconds)
                try:
                    return callback_data
                    # raise Timeout(u'function run too long, timeout %d seconds.' % seconds)
                finally:
                    # return u'function run too long, timeout %d seconds.' % seconds
                    return callback_data
            else:
                return result[0]
        _.__name__ = func.__name__
        _.__doc__ = func.__doc__
        return _

    return timeout_decorator

@set_timeout(2, None)  # 限时 2 秒超时
def connect():  # 要执行的函数
    time.sleep(3)  # 函数执行时间，写大于2的值，可测试超时
    print('Finished without timeout.')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    connect()

方法二使用线程的版本可以支持多线程